The following scholars' responses are included: Seymour Drescher, Claudius Fergus, David Northrup, Flavius Mayoa Mokake, and Chris Brown.
Credit for image on first slide: Background: Detail, Gvinea Propia, nec non Nigritiae vel Terrae
Nigrorum maxima pars . . . , Nuremberg, 1743. Library of Congress,
Geography and Map Division, digital id: g8735 ct 000313.
Right panel: Pendant mask: Iyoba, ivory, iron, and copper (?), Edo
peoples, Court of Benin (Nigeria), 16th century. By permission of
the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial
Collection, Gift of Nelson A. Rockefeller, 1972 (1978.412.323).
Image copyright, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Fante (attributed) comb, Ghana, donated by Mrs. Melvin S. Silverman,
1976.
Courtesy of the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University
of California, Berkeley, acc. no. 5-13244.