American History and American Studies
Research Guide

For help with your research, visit the reference desk (hours) on the second floor of Barnard Library, or contact a Barnard reference librarian:
       Phone: 212-854-3953
       Chat: IM BarnardReference
       E-mail: refdesk@barnard.edu

Request a one-on-one consultation with a Barnard librarian if you have an in-depth research need.

This guide is intended as a starting point in your research; the databases and reference tools listed here are a selective list.

PRIMARY SOURCES
v Printed Sources: Printed Guides and Indexes

v Online Indexes to Primary Sources
   w Using CLIO for Primary Sources
   w Finding Magazine and Journal Articles

v Full-text Databases of Primary Sources Online
   w Newspapers, Journals and Magazines
   w Archives

SECONDARY SOURCES
 
v Printed Sources
  
w Reference Books
  
w Using CLIO to Find Secondary Sources

v Online Databases for Secondary Sources
  

PRIMARY SOURCES

FINDING PRINTED SOURCES: PRINTED GUIDES AND INDEXES

American Diaries: an Annotated Bibliography of Published American Diaries and Journals (1983)
BARNARD REFERENCE Z5305.U5 A74 1983

Essay and General Literature Index
BARNARD REFERENCE  AI3 .E752   (1900 - 1994)
Lists essays and articles in periodicals and books published back to 1900; search by subject or author. (The online version goes back to 1985.)

Monthly Catalog, United States Public Documents
BUTLER REFERENCE R328.734 D5  (1895 - present)
Begun in 1895, this is a current bibliography of publications issued by all branches of the government (both Congressional and departmental and bureau publications). Until 1976, arranged by department and bureau. Includes subject indexing. Also available online as the Catalog of United States Government Publications. Coverage begins with January 1994. Use it to link to Federal agency online resources.  

The Published Diaries and Letters of American Women: an Annotated Bibliography(1987)
BARNARD REFERENCE Z5305.U5 G66 1987

Union List of Serials in Libraries of the United States and Canada (ULS)
BARNARD REFERENCE Z6945 .U45 1965
  • This multi-volume set shows which libraries subscribed to which periodicals before 1965.  You may need to use it because CLIO does not show all the periodicals that Columbia has ceased subscribing to (although it does show all the current subscriptions).
  • When you look up a journal or magazine, the code showing that Columbia subscribed is NNC; the code for the New York Public Research Libraries is NN.
  • If the Union List of Serials indicates that Columbia had a subscription to a periodical, you must still check the Serials Catalog at Butler to find out the call number and whether Columbia has the volume you need. 

ONLINE INDEXES TO PRIMARY SOURCES

CLIO (Columbia Libraries Catalog)
For a general guide to searching CLIO, see below, under "Using CLIO"
Primary sources in CLIO include diaries, letters, autobiographies and zines.
Look for these subdivisions in the subject field:
    --Archives
    --Biography (this includes Autobiographies)
    --Correspondence
    --Diaries
    --Interviews
    --Sources
For example:
    Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Correspondence.
    Women--United States--History--Sources

Other Library Catalogs:
EDUCAT for Teachers’ College Library

Pegasus for Columbia Law Library

CATNYP for New York Public Library research libraries:
   Humanities and Social Sciences Library 5th Ave. and 42nd St., 212-930-0830
   Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture Malcolm X Blvd. and 135th St, 212-491-2200
   Library for the Performing Arts 40 Lincoln Center Plaza, 212-870-1630

LEO for New York Public Library local branch libraries:
   Morningside Heights Branch Broadway and 113th Street, 212-864-2530
   Mid-Manhattan Library 5th Ave. and 40th St, 212-340-0833

Zines: These items in the Zine Collection at Barnard Library are identified by the call number, as well as the added subject term, Zines.
They are primarily in the area of women's studies, featuring personal and political publications on anarchism, body image, feminism, lesbianism, parenting, sexual assault, war, and other topics.
Search for zines using a keyword search, for example: zines and women and movie?
If you need help, please contact the Zine Librarian, Jenna Freedman.

American Newspapers in the Columbia University Libraries
A checklist of U.S. newspapers, from 1704 to the present, arranged by state and city of publication, owned by the Columbia University Libraries.

U.S. Government Documents at Columbia
A useful guide on the Columbia Libraries Website to finding older government documents held by the Columbia Libraries

 

Indexes to Magazines, Journals and Articles

Essay and General Literature Index Online
Use to find essays published in anthologies (1985 - present). 

19th Century Masterfile
Includes several 19th-century periodical indexes, as well as indexing of the New York Daily Tribune (1875-1906).
Use CLIO to find which library owns the periodical.
If the title does not appear in CLIO, check the Union List of Serials (see above).

Reader's Guide Retrospective
Citations to articles in popular and general-interest periodicals, 1890-1982. Click in the Readers' Guide Full Text box once you're in the database interface to search 1982-current materials, as well.

Women's Journals in the Columbia and Barnard Libraries
A checklist of women's magazines and journals held by the Columbia/Barnard Libraries. Displays the titles alphabetically by title, or by date.

 

FULL-TEXT DATABASES OF PRIMARY SOURCES ONLINE

Newspapers, Journals and Magazines

Gerritsen Collection: Women's History Online, 1543-1945
A full-text collection of periodicals and books covering the history of women from 1543 to 1945, with the bulk being from 1880-1920.

HarpWeek
Full text and page images of the popular illustrated 19th-century American periodical Harper's Weekly.

JSTOR
Full-text articles from many scholarly journals, from the first issue of each journal (including some started in the nineteenth century) up to 3 to 5 years ago.  Only the science and social science articles have abstracts, so searching in the title is the most direct search for articles in humanities journals; searching for a term in the full text of an article will often find too many irrelevant articles.     

LexisNexis
Includes a database of Primary Sources in U.S. History, as well as full text newspapers, magazines and journals.

ProQuest
Online journal articles and citations, as well as the full text of the New York Times from 1851 to the present.  For the backfiles of the New York Times and other newspapers, select the collection ProQuest Historical Newspapers. 

Archives

American Memory
A collection of primary source materials relating to U.S. history and culture compiled by the Library of Congress National Digital Library Program.

ArchiveGrid
Provides detailed collection guides to archival collections and links to digitized archival materials (was called RLG Archival Resources).

Archives and Manuscript Collections
This is a guide developed at Columbia listing resources you can use to try to find relevant archival collections outside Columbia. The page also provides links to many archival collections' home pages.

ArchivesUSA
Directory to archives and manuscript collections in the United States with descriptions of their holdings.

Barnard Library History Research Guide: U.S. History Documents and Primary Sources
A list of Web sites with primary materials.

Columbia University Archives and Columbiana Library
This Web page describes what is contained in the two collections, and provides contact information.  Looking for Archives and Manuscripts? explains how to find archival materials at Columbia.

Making of America
A digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction, at the University of Michigan.

Oral History Research Office at Columbia University
Provides a guide to the collection of the Oral History Research Office, as well as links to other oral history internet resources.
See also: The Oral History Collection of Columbia University  (BARNARD REFERENCE  Z1361.C6 C64 1979), a catalog of the collection published in 1979.

Using Primary Sources on the Web
Includes a guide to evaluating internet sources of primary materials, from the American Library Association Reference and User Services Association .

 


SECONDARY SOURCES

PRINTED SECONDARY SOURCES

Reference Books
Use for:
  an overview of a topic
  background information
  bibliographies
These are all available in the Barnard Reference area:

Title and BARNARD REFERENCE call number

American Decades: Primary Sources E169.1 .A471977 2004
Encyclopedia of American Cultural and Intellectual History E169.1 .E624 2001
Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century E169.1 .E626 2001
American Decades E169.12 A4196 1994
Dictionary of American History E174 .D52 2003
Reader's Guide to American History E178.1 .R43 1997
Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy E183.7 .52 2002
Civil Rights in the United States E184.A1 C47 2000
Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America E184.A1 G14 1995
Jewish-American History and Culture: an Encyclopedia E184.J5 J48 1992
Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History E185 .E54 2006
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War E468 .E53 2000
Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century E740.7 .E53 1996
Encyclopedia of American Social History HN57 .E58 1993
The Routledge Critical Dictionary of Feminism and Postfeminism HQ1115 .R68 2000
From Suffrage to the Senate: an Encyclopedia of American Women in Politics HQ1236.5.U6 S32 1999
Oxford Reference Online (full text of over 100 reference titles published by Oxford University Press)  

USING CLIO TO FIND BOOKS OR JOURNALS (NOT ARTICLES IN JOURNALS)

  • CLIO includes the holdings of Columbia libraries and Barnard Library, as well as those of the Health Sciences Library and Union Theological Seminary libraries.

  • If searching for a known item, start with a title search: it's best to leave off the initial article (the, der, un, etc.).

  • If not searching for a known item, start with a keyword search using terms relating to your topic: use quotes for a phrase, and ? for truncation (to find variant endings of a word).

  • Or search by author, authorized Library of Congress subject, ISBN, etc.

  • To limit to books in Barnard Library, use the Pre-Select Limits or Post Limits options.

  • If you do not find what you are looking for in CLIO, search WorldCat, a composite of many libraries' catalogs.  After finding items that look useful, use Borrow Direct or Interlibrary Loan to borrow them from other libraries.
     

ONLINE DATABASES FOR SECONDARY SOURCES
This is a small selection; many other databases may be useful for your research, and are listed on the Databases list.

America: History and Life
Online periodical index to scholarly journals for all aspects of American history.   Useful for finding articles about topics, but it can also lead to primary material.  Check the Documentation Field (available by viewing the full citation) to see if the article is based on primary material, etc. 

Arts & Humanities Citation Index 
Cited references and bibliographic information for the arts and humanities, with some links to full-text articles.  Useful for tracing who cited a given article or book, or for tracing an idea.  To search for article citations, select "General Search." 

Humanities Full Text
Citations and abstracts for articles in archaeology, art, classics, film, folklore, arts, philosophy, religion, world history, and world literature.

Project Muse
Full-text articles from more than 100 scholarly journals published by university presses in the arts, humanities, sciences, and social sciences.

ProQuest
Full-text articles from journals.  For scholarly journals, click on "Databases selected" at top, clear all databases and select PA Research II Periodicals, click on "Continue" at top, and select Advanced Search. 

LIBRARY GUIDES
These research guides suggest other ways of finding both secondary and primary sources, and supplement the information on this page:

Finding Your Senior Thesis Topic: A guide for students who are just beginning the process.

Last Modified 4/25/08
Lois Coleman
Reference Librarian

 
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